Kindergarten: Ready or Not?
Check these guidelines to decide if your child is ready for kindergarten.
Starting kindergarten is one of the biggest milestones in a child's life. Here are some tips to help you decide whether your child will be socially, academically and physically prepared to start "big kid" school.
School Cut-off Dates School districts around the country differ widely in their cut-off dates for students entering kindergarten, a factor that is certain to cause confusion for parents, especially those moving from one state to another, or considering private as well as public school. Your child may be deemed ready in one state or type of school but not in another. In most states, a child must reach the age of 5 for public school, but the birth date can range from June 1 to December 31. To find out the cut-off date in your state, visit this Kindergarten Cut-off Dates by State Web site.
Experts such as Donna Adkins, an Arkansas kindergarten teacher and recipient of the 2004 Arkansas Teacher of the Year award, suggest that parents look beyond their child's chronological age when enrolling him in kindergarten. "Most boys are better off waiting to enter kindergarten; however, some of the best boys I have ever taught had summer birthdays (which made them young for their class) and they are still doing very well in school many years later."
How Do I Know If My Child Is Ready? There isn't just one indicator that determines whether your child is ready for kindergarten. Experts agree that a child's development needs to be evaluated in several areas.
Some school districts use assessment tests to determine kindergarten readiness. Children are asked questions to test their cognitive abilities. They might also be asked to perform tasks such as drawing shapes and sorting objects. Experts advise parents not to make a decision based entirely on test results, but to consider observations by teachers, pediatricians and parents.
The following is a guideline that includes a range of social, academic and developmental factors to consider when deciding if your child is ready to enter school:
  • Enthusiasm toward learning. Is he eager to explore and discover? Is he comfortable asking questions? Does he persist even when a task is difficult?
  • Language skills. Does she communicate her needs? Express her feelings appropriately?
  • Ability to listen. Can he follow simple instructions? Is he able to listen to an entire story without interrupting?
  • Desire to be independent. Does she separate from parents for the school day? Is she starting to take responsibility for her personal belongings? Can she follow simple two-step tasks? Can she use the bathroom by herself?
  • Ability to interact with children and adults. Is he able to share, compromise, take turns and problem-solve?
  • Strong fine-motor skills. Is she able to hold and use a pencil? Cut with scissors? Is she learning to write her name?
  • Basic letter and number awareness. Can he sing and recite the alphabet and recognize some letters? Can he count to 10 and identify numbers one to five?
Get Advice and Observe
  • Speak with your child's preschool teacher. If your child has attended preschool, talk to her teacher. As an educator, she will have a good idea of how your child compares to other children at the same grade level and whether she thinks she is ready or not.
  • Speak with your child's pediatrician. Your child's doctor will be aware of your child's physical and developmental maturity and will be able to offer his expert opinion.
  • Visit pre-k and kindergarten classes. Spend some time visiting both a kindergarten and a pre-k class. Does the teacher focus on writing and phonics, or is the curriculum based on hands-on activities? Look for a setting that would best fit your child's personality, temperament and abilities.
Should You Wait? Every parent wants his child to succeed. With many kindergarten classes extending to full days, and academic standards increasing, more and more parents are opting to delay kindergarten for a year. "My son who has a September birthday would have been fine socially in kindergarten, but he had no interest in letters or numbers," says Jill Minus, a California parent. Minus opted to send her son to a pre-k program. "It's nice to have my son in class with kids that are all the same age. I also like that reading and writing begin in the spring which gives the kids a chance to settle into their new class before too much work is piled on."
Minus isn't the only one who sees the benefit of these programs. "The experiences children will have in preschool and pre-k programs will never be revisited again. Kids need to be allowed to enjoy these early experiences and develop a love of learning without pressure," says Edith Fecskes, who has been teaching preschool and pre-k in California for over 20 years.
Pennsylvania kindergarten teacher, Kimberly Colvin, has been a teacher for eight years. She spent her first year teaching kindergarten, then taught second grade, and has returned to teaching kindergarten. "I can't believe how much the curriculum for kindergarten has changed since I taught it seven years ago", says Colvin. "I am teaching sight-words and letters to prepare these kids for testing in November. I used to teach this stuff to my second graders." As a result of the more rigorous curriculum, Colvin notes, more children aren't developing their fine-motor skills. "I am now seeing kids who don't even know how to cut paper."
Colvin also observes that while many children do fine in kindergarten and first grade, by the time they reach second grade, "They can't hold it together — they fall apart and really struggle." Colvin understands the importance of teaching children to read and write but she feels that forcing the memorization of sight-words is premature. "With so much time spent learning letters and numbers, the children have no time for crafts projects or creative activities. I think it's sad and I worry about new teachers who might feel pressured by the academic curriculum and forego any activities in order to prepare students for testing."
Delaying Kindergarten Entrance Can Cause Problems Many educators contend that the trend to delay kindergarten has caused more problems than it has solved. Some argue that parents, who wait to send their children to kindergarten when they are older, create an unfair environment for the students who start as soon as they are eligible.
A northern California mother said she debated whether to send her son, who has a late November birthday, to kindergarten before he turned 5. She ended up enrolling him and although she says it has been a little tough for him socially, "He was really ready for the academics and structure. He is a little behind the other kids in terms of his social skills, but I'm confident he will catch up."
Donna Adkins contends that a good teacher can teach to a range of developmental stages, "Most kindergarten teachers are expert at targeting instruction to the children in their room. We have always had children who could read and those who couldn't even recognize their name or sit down."
How Parents Can Help "One of the very best ways parents can prepare their children for kindergarten is by reading to them again and again," Adkins says. "Reading to them helps them develop the language skills needed for reading." Adkins also emphasizes the importance of learning social skills by providing opportunities for children to interact in small and large groups.
Here are some additional tips from Pennsylvania's 2005 Teacher of the Year, Nikki Salvatico:
  • Visit the "new" school several times over the summer to help create a familiar atmosphere.
  • Set up playtimes on the school playground, especially with some of the other children entering the kindergarten program. This will set up an automatic support system.
  • Take a tour of the new school. Often a principal or assistant principal will guide the tour and this helps to familiarize your child with the various places in the school such as the library, classroom and nurse's office.
  • Create a routine at home to help your child get oriented to following directions and helping with transitioning to the school routine.
  • Give your child developmentally appropriate chores at home, and hold them accountable for doing them. These types of activities will automatically transfer over into the classroom and help your child to feel successful and comfortable.
Parents Know Best For every parent grappling with this issue, remember that you know your child better than anyone else does. You are his first and most important teacher, and ultimately you will know what is best for your individual child.
Updated April 2008

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Comments From GreatSchools.net Users
04/28/2008:
"My daughter's birthday is in the middle of December. I felt she was ready for kindergarten and found a catholic school who agreed and accepted her. They did not have a formal policy of Dec 1 cutoff. A new principal came to the school and now wants to enforce this cutoff date. Grades 1 to 8 have been grandfathered in but she won't grandfather the current kindergarten class. That means my daughter will have to complete kindergarten again. She does not have any behavior issues, all her work comes home with 'stars' and 'greats' on them. Her lowest test grade has been 88. Don't know what to do."
04/23/2008:
"I have been living abroad for many years due to my work, I married in this forreign country and my kids have been raised here and speak spanish and no english from spending most of their time with spanish speaking relatives and in a spanish speaking country, now that I am planning to move back to the US, Texas to be more specific, are there programs in the school system there that can help my kids adjust to the new language, of course I will try to help, but I'm bad about speaking spanish to them and not enough english, please help."
04/22/2008:
"If you suspected your son to have a speech delay, you should seek the school district that you belong him and request to have your child evaulated. This is free of charge because the school district is responsible for early intervention. My son has been in speech for almost a year now and we bring him to the elementary school twice a week for him to work with the speech pathologist and he is not even in Kindergarten yet. Hope this helps!"
04/21/2008:
"my sons is about to be five and i think my sons may have some kind of speech problem. i dont know where to take him to get evaluated? please if some one can give me a tip, advise? thanks"
04/21/2008:
"My husband wants to wait a year to send our son because he feels he is too small/short and it will affect him with sports. Our son is ready in every other way. What advice can you give us and how big of difference will a year make?"
04/21/2008:
"My son is four years old and has gone to a preschool since he was three years old. He goes to a private school and everyone tells me how smart he is and advanced. He has improved a lot in school his teacher said with being mature. He took the test at the school he will be going to and to my surprise it was not good. The results came back and I know he know his stuff. His preschool teacher says. Let me tell you I am not one of the parents that my kid is perfect , because believe I know that he is not. My question is how much can you depend on the results they got. My son is also one on those you say slow done and you can do it and he does. Not making excuses, but what if it is a off day for the child. Just wondering. "
04/16/2008:
"Thank you for this article. My son turned five but part of me knew he was not 'ready' for school. I thought I was being over-protective and enrolled him anyway. It sis not go well. He had trouble socially and could not focus in class. He was constantly behind and his teacher had 28 other children to contend with. I pulled him out half way through the year, in December. We bought workbooks, and read. Used flash cards and colored. Bought a phonic program. I was a late kindergartener and I did quite well in school. He has improved so much at home that we may enroll him in 1st grade next year. In closing, the parent should follow their heart. Your child will thank you for it later."
04/14/2008:
"I have a daycare child that is autistic and his parents and I thought he would be given a waiver for a year to stay in the special ed program he has been in. The county says there is no money for waivers so he has to go to Kindergarten on time. We are extremely upset by this as we know that he is not ready for Kindergarten. He turns five this month but is at a 3 year old level. The supervisor says that it doesn't matter when he goes because he will need to repeat Kindergarten all over anyway. He is also currently attending a preschool special ed program at another school in the county and they plan on sending him to his base school for Kindergarten. How can we stop this and make the county pay to keep him where he is? The supervisor observed him one day before making this decision and those of us who are around him every day all day long, know that he shouldn't be moved. The special ed teacher requested he be given a waiver; the base school special ed dept asked for ! a waiver, as did his parents and I. Yet the school doesn't want to seem to listen. We can't figure out what money has to do with anything. It is the same county and our same tax dollars at work so who cares which school he attends? How do we get them to give him a waiver for one more year and keep him in the program he is already in?"
04/10/2008:
"My daughter is 4 years old and will be 5 in November. She's been going to Montessori in Ireland since she was 3. But since the family will be going home to California this summer for good, I've enrolled her in a public school. She'll be in Kindergarten this July since the school is open year round. My daughter already knows her numbers (1-20+), letters, and is starting to read. I'm thinking she might be a bit advance. Is there an exam to see if my daughter would qualify for 1st grade? I don't know exactly what the teachers teach in Kindergarten so I'm not sure if she is advance or not. But I'm thinking also that she may be too young to be in 1st grade. Can someone help? "
04/3/2008:
"Since so many schools are experiencing cutbacks, are ther any public schools still offering after school programs?"
03/28/2008:
"I recently ran into this issue. My youngest daughter is 4 years old & we were going to look into preschool for her in Sept. 09. However, we received a packet in the mail stating that she was ready for Kindergarten & was set for her orientation! Mind you, she won't be 5 until Dec. 1st. We know she's not ready for a full day @ school & she is right on the cutoff date-shouldn't those children born on Dec. 1st be given a bit of a leeway? I think it is unfair to try & 'push' these children through school. Our daughter is a smart and friendly,respectful little girl, but she is just a 'young' 4. So now, she doesn't qualify for preschool in our district-go figure! I feel that children should be worked with so that they can live up to their full potential & have a fantastic educational experience instead of feeling like they are being 'rushed' through. "
03/24/2008:
"As a kindergarten teacher for 12 years, I can say with certainty that kindergarten is not what it used to be. When I began teaching, the expectations were lower, and the skills which must be mastered were a lot less. My students, in a 2 1/2 hour half day program, are now expected to leave reading in order for them to be on track for state benchmark expectations. The demands and pressure on teachers and students are greater. It isn't enough anymore to say that the only requirement a child must meet to be ready for kindergarten is to be five years old and well-cared for, unfortunately. Yes, being cared for, well nourished and rested are vital for kindergarten success, but it is no longer enough."
03/19/2008:
"Yes, parents are a child's first and most important teacher but unlike school teachers they have no teaching degree or training. It would be helpful for parents to have a kindergarten readiness checklist (like one in Wm Bennett's book The Educated Child)to help them prepare their child and to turn-in to their child's teacher when the time comes."
03/13/2008:
"I need more advice. My son is going to be 5 and can't recognize letters. How do I get him into a special program in my area?"
03/13/2008:
" My son's experience at pre-school was a disaster. He was regressing & the teacher didn't know what to do. My husband took his report card to the principal of the public school he now attends and explained his issues to see what her opinion of his attending kindergarten at age 5. She felt he was a good candidate. She explained that this is a public school, but we have the resources to deal with the problems that private schools don't. Our private school teacher only talked down the public school system. In the end we sent him at age 5 and he is blossoming in kindergarten at a public school. He has a wonderful teacher and enjoys going to school every day. "
03/13/2008:
"I would love my children to attend early.One thing I can not stress enough is common courtesy, I think they should teach children proper way to cover a cough ,not your hand, wash wash wash hands after sneezing or before eating washing their work area,these things should be stressed everyday.My kindergartener has been sick so much, then well you know whole house gets it.How can he learn????????????Lets keep our kids that are sick home or in a sick room at the school not with all the other kids.Our child will be penalized because he is not at school but the other sick kids are still there spreading germs to your kids.Lets keep our kids healthy!I know alot of families without health ins. not to happy when you can't get state help ,and this money is coming out of your pocket every month!Kindergarten, lets teach them the basics first!!!! "
03/12/2008:
"Some of these cut off dates are crazy, I feel it should be up to the parents to deciede if there child can handle kindergarten, keeping them back a year, they will be big horses compared to kids born a different year, I know plenty of people growing up with late birthdays, and did fine! They graduated school at 17 1/2, some states have dates as early as June, that's nuts, preschool is not free, so take a little more time out with kids with late birthdays, a child born in April doesnot always mean he or she is smarter than a child born in November!"
03/6/2008:
"My second son missed the 'cutoff date' by one day. My local public school doesn't allow testing the children to see if they are ready. I spoke to my son's daycare teacher, she saw no reason to hold him back. I enrolled him in a private school and he has been in the top of his class ever since. My other son attends public school and has 8 children in his class that are almost a full year OLDER due to the cutoff date, and you can see there are disadvantages in holding the kids back. These children are physically/mentally older and change the learning of the other children in the class. "
03/5/2008:
"Specifically, what reading program do you use K-3, and what math program is used K and 1st? I teach child care providers and I'd like my information to be relevant and coordinate with the local school approach. Janice Johnson, Washington STARS trainer (STARS is the mandated state training for licensed child care providers)"
03/4/2008:
"My son will be attending school this year. What do I do if he starts to cry when I leave him in the class room. Im so worried about that."
02/26/2008:
"Private schools most certainly do help kids that are above average. So does home schooling. Alot of kids fail because of social reasons and thrive later in life when they are more able to confront tough situations in life. Whens the last time someone shot and killed people at a private school. I cant speak for all private schools but the ones I know I would recommend way ahead of public schools. Plus, you still have the right to use public school facilities, and your children can participate in most schools activites since you as a parent are still paying taxes to that school district, even though your children are not going there. The person who has a problem with private schools in this forum sounds like she has issues."
02/22/2008:
"There is no gift like 'the gift of time.' I would be more apt to sending a daughter earlier than a son. Howver, having said that: Avoid being so myoptic that you see only the first few years of school. Reading and 'academic readiness' levels out by third grade. (Just like the early walkers and the early to be potty trained, the playing field levels out for all children at some point.) She'll continue to develop and refine the cognitive skills she's already exhibited. It's in the intermediate grades that will be more of a concern as she needs to have the abstract thinking, inferential skills and critical reasoning. Her 'cohort peers' will have had already developed those skills based on their chronological age. She might possibly be behind them purely based on her age-- nothing to do with her IQ or CSI (Cognitive Skills Index). Emotionally and socially, she'll always be the youngest-- and you're soon to lose your ability to play the 'young card' by fourth grade. Think about what it'll be like for her when she the youngest in middle or junior high school-- an already awkward time for the 'late bloomers.' When she's a freshman in high school, do you want her to be the 14 year old freshman in school with 18, almost 19 year old senior boys? What will she be like as a 17 year old freshman at college. It's possible her friends will be 21 as sophmores; she'll wait until she's a senior to get into places legally. The money you'll spend in one more year of pre-school or daycare will be nothing compared to the money she'll spend in therapy in twenty years. They're only young for so long. She'll have the rest of her life for school and work. It's only 10 more moths of play and creativity if you hold her out. Why send them off into the workforce one year sooner? "
02/8/2008:
"I have a daughter in Michigan that is in her 2nd year of preschool. She is in a group that is going into Kindergarten next year; however, her birthday is 12/3 making her 2 day to young for to enter Kindergarten in public and most private schools. She is flourishing with the kids that are a year older both socially and academically and I feel that it would be a hindrance to hold her back one more year, are there any ways of getting around the state cut off. I stay home with my children and am not looking for child care this is a social and academic issue. "
01/8/2008:
"My child is in preschool and he is not doing well with his work.Could not care ifhe goes or not.Do I need to keep my 4year old son in preschool again?"
01/7/2008:
"I'm a former primary teacher. I have a grandson who lives in Youngsville. My grandson goes to Daycare, but he is behind most of the other children. He also attends speech class at one of the schools. My daughter would like to put him in a PreK class this coming fall. His birthday is Sept. 13 and she and I feel he is not ready for Kindergarten. How do we get him tested for PreK. If possible we'd like him to go to one in Youngsville as that is where he lives. She has called the school board and some schools and cannot find out any information.Can you give me some information about how to get him tested for PreK? I would be very appreciative. Thank you."
01/3/2008:
"The information provided to me on this website does not reflect the same for my child. My child has ADHD and children with ADHD are often times several years imature for their age. Lots of children go undiagnosed to kindergarten and because he is not ready when will he be ready. I feel that parents nor schools should not have the right to hold their child bback from starting kindergarten. Remember each child learns in their own indevidual way. Every teacher is taught to teach through all 3 learning styles. Visual, physical and auditory. Do they do this as teachers. The answer is no. Physical learners such as children with ADD / ADHD and children who are more physical learners are the under achievers simply because their needs are not accomodated in most schools. Teachers with a group of 20 kids and a tight schedule doesn't have the time to explain or teach the same subject to a small group of physical learners. We need to work on our teachers and help them to deal with a fast growing population of children who are more physical learners. The! rise of children on medication for ADD/ADHD is rising at a fast rate. Our classrooms are slowly changing and the old traditional style of teaching needs to be reconsidered."
12/18/2007:
"I would recommend that everyone read the national study, 'A Nation Deceived.' You can google it and either download the 2 volumes or request a hard copy (free). It is very interesting and has helped me determine what the best thing is for our two kids (5 and 7)."
11/26/2007:
"We are considering moving to California from Australia in Jan 08 but I'm really concerned about my son's schooling. He turned 5 in Sept 07 and was due to start Kindergarten in Feb 08 but this means he will start K six months behind the other kids. Should I be worried?"
11/9/2007:
"Our public schools are 'failing our children' only because parents of means and education are becoming more and more likely to send their children to private schools. 'Privilege flight' as I like to call it is doing more to hurt public schools, in my opinion, than ANY other factor. Furthermore, in response to the dingbat who wants to put her child in private school because he/she is just too bright for public school,...newsflash. Private schools tend to be great for average kids. They do not have the type of specialized resourced for below average or above average children that public schools do. Public schools have the GATE program and in many areas have magnet schools for kids identified as gifted and talented. If people want to continue to contribute to the decline of public schools, that's their decision...but be candid with yourself about why you're doing. More likely than not, you're doing it because you think the public schol in your area is 'bad' because of low ! test results (which means NOTHING about the quality of teaching at the school and EVERYTHING about the socioeconomic and cultural makeup of the school). Give the public school in your area a chance. Stay as involved as you would be at a private school (and trust me, a private school is going to expect you to be very involved) and you just might be pleasantly surprised by the results."
10/29/2007:
"My daughter's birthday is Sept. 9th and the cut off for GA is Sept. 1st. I was told (by another parent) that she could take a test to see if she is ready and even though her birhtday is past the cutoff, if she passes she can enter kindergarten. I know she is ready. My only other option is to enter her in a private school so that she can continue on without being held back. Has anyone heard of this 'testing out' process?"
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